Nutritional Deficiencies
Patients who have had bariatric surgery may have nutritional deficiencies. These include:
What are vitamin deficiencies?
If you are not absorbing enough vitamins , you may be low on the following:
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What are mineral deficiencies?
If you are not absorbing enough minerals, you may be low on the following:
Zinc deficiency affects an estimated two billion people[54].
Taking high doses of zinc over a long period reduces the amount of copper that the body can absorb. This can lead to anemia and the weakening of bones[55].
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Iodine
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Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation.
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How will you test the
presence of starch in food?
Take small quantity of the food items
to be tested. Put 2-3 drops of iodine solution on it. Observe the
colour of the food item. Blue-black colour indicates the presence
of starch in the tested food item.
How will you test the presence of Protein in food?
Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of our body. Foods containing proteins are often called ‘Body Building Foods’. Test if a food item contains protein.
- Take a small quantity of the food items to be tested.
- Grind/mash/paste/powder the food item.
- Put the food item into a test tube.
- Add 10 drops of water and shake the test tube.
- Using a dropper add two drops of copper sulphate solution to the test tube.
- Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution and shake the test tube.
- Observe the colour of the mixture.
- Violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the tested food item.
How will you test the presence of Fats in food?
Fat is a major source of energy and also aids your body in absorbing fat soluble vitamins. You need a minimum of 10 to 20 percent of your overall calories as fat .Test if a food item contains fat.
- Take a small quantity of the food item to be tested.
- Wrap the food item in a piece of paper and crush it.
- Straighten the paper.
- Dry the paper by keeping it in sunlight for a while.
- Observe the paper.
- An oily patch on the paper indicates the presence of fats in the tested food item.
BALANCED DIET
The food we normally eat in a day is our diet. For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities. Not too much of one and not too little of the other. The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water. Such a diet is called a balanced diet.
DEFICIENCY DISEASES
A person may be getting enough food to eat, but sometimes the food may not contain a particular nutrient. If this continues over a long period of time, the person may suffer from its deficiency. Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body. Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases.
- If a person does not get enough proteins in his/her food for a long time, he/she is likely to have stunted growth, swelling of face, discolouration of hair, skin diseases and diarrhoea.
- If the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a long period of time, the growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move.
All deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a balanced diet.
Summary
- The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and water.
- Carbohydrates and fats mainly provide energy to our body.
- Proteins and minerals are needed for the growth and the maintenance of our body.
- Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases.
- Balanced diet provides all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities, along with adequate amount of roughage and water.
- Deficiency of one or more nutrients in our food for a long time may cause certain diseases or disorders.
MCQ on Components of food and Deficiency
References
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