MCQ on Components of food and Deficiency

Multiple Choice Questions on Components of food and Deficiency

1. Reduced number and size of RBCs and decreased amount of haemoglobin is a characteristic of
Hypochromic red blood cells may be seen in microcytic anaemia
a) Pernicious anaemia
b) Megaloblastic anaemia
c) microcytic anaemia
d) all of these

2. Bleeding disease is due to the deficiency of
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K

3. All are nutritional disorders associated with over nutrition except
a) hypervitaminosis
b) obesity
c) fluorosis
d) Osteomalacia

4. Vitamin D deficiency is the reason for
a) Rickets
b) Anaemia
c) Pellagra
d) Goitre

5. Enlargement of thyroid gland is due to the deficiency of
a) Vitamin A
b) Pottasium
c) Iodine
d) Vitamin D

6. All are vitamin deficiency diseases except
a) Marasmus
b) Rickets
c) Scurvy
d) Cheilosis

7. Fluorosis is due to
a) deficiency of fluorine
b) excess of fluorine
c) deficiency of calcium and fluorine
d) none of these

8. Cyanocobalamine deficiency is the reason of
a) Pernicious anaemia
b) Microcytic anaemia
c) macrocytic anemia
d) Pellagra

9. The condition of inflammation and cracking of skin at corners of mouth is
a) Pellagra
b) Cheilosis
c) Scurvy
d) Rickets

10. Calcium deposition in soft tissues is due to
a) deficiency of vitamin D
b) excess of vitamin D
c) excess of vitamin C
d) deficiency of vitamin C

11. Deficiency of Calcium may lead to a condition called
a) Giotre
b) Anaemia
c) Tetany
d) Scurvy

12. Beriberi is due to the deficiency of
a) vitamin D
b) vitamin A
c) vitamin B1
d) vitamin C

Answers
1. c) microcytic anaemia
2. d) Vitamin K
3. d) Osteomalacia
4. a) Rickets
5. c) Iodine
6. a) Marasmus
7. b) excess of fluorine
8. a) Pernicious anaemia
9. b) Cheilosis
10. b) excess of vitamin D
11. c) Tetany
12. c) vitamin B1

Multiple Choice Questions on Vitamins

1. Vitamin K is required forVitamins

    a) Change of prothrombin into thrombin
    b) Synthesis of prothrombin
    c) Change of fibrinogen to fibrin
    d) Formation of thromboplastin

2. Calcium deficiency in the body occurs in the absence of

    a) Vitamin C
    b) Vitamin D
    c) Vitamin A
    d) Vitamin E

3. The Vitamin C or ascorbic acid prevents

    a) Scurvy
    b) Antibody synthesis
    c) Rickets
    d) Pellagra

4. The Haemorrhagic disease of new born is caused to the deficiency of

    a) Vitamin K
    b) Vitamin B12
    c) Vitamin A
    d) Vitamin B6

5. To which of the following families do folic acid and panthothenic acid belong?

    a) Vitamin C
    b) Vitamin K
    c) Vitamin A
    d) Vitamin B complex

6. Which one of the following is correctly matched?

    a) Vitamin E - Tocopherol
    b) Vitamin D - Riboflavin
    c) Vitamin B - Calciferol
    d) Vitamin A - Thiamine

7. Continuous bleeding from an injured part of body is due to deficiency of

    a) Vitamin A
    b) Vitamin B
    c) Vitamin K
    d) Vitamin E


8. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

    a) Vitamin C- Scurvy
    b) Vitamin B2- Pellagra
    c) Vitamin B2- Pernicious Anaemia
    d) Vitamin B6- Beri beri

9. Which one of the following is a fat soluble vitamin and its related deficiency disease?

    a) Retinol- Xerophthalmia
    b) Cobalamine-Beri beri
    c) Calciferol- Pellagra
    d) Ascorbic acid- Scurvy

10. Which of the following is mismatched?

    a) Vitamin A- Xerophthalmia
    b) Vitamin D- Rickets
    c) Vitamin K- Beriberi
    d) Vitamin C-Scurvy

Answers

    1. b) Synthesis of Prothrombin
    2. b) Vitamin D
    3. a) Scurvy
    4. a) Vitamin K
    5. d) Vitamin B complex
    6. a) Vitamin E - Tocopherol
    7. c) Vitamin K
    8. b) and d)
    9. a) Retinol- Xerophthalmia
    10. c) Vitamin K- Beriberi

MCQ on Animal Physiology - Nutrition

1. Pepsine is secrete by

a) Zymogen cells of stomach
b) Zymogen cells of duodenum
c) pepsin cell
d)non of them

2. The deficiency marasmus in children is caused by due to the deficiency of
a) fats
b)carbohydrates
c)protine
d)vitamines

3. Starch is converted into maltase by the action of

a) invertase
b) amylase
c) sucrase
d) maltaase

4. The enzyme trypsin is found in
a) Pancreatic juice
b) Saliva
c) Bile juice
d) Intestinal juice

5. Crypts of Lieberkuhn is an example of
a) Simple tubular gland
b) coiled tubular gland
c) Simple alveolar gland
d) Compound alveolar gland

6.  During fasting, in what sequence that are the following organic compound used up by the body?
a) First fats, next carbohydrates and lastly proteins
b)  First carbohydrates, next proteins and lastly lipids
c) First proteins, next lipids and lastly carbohydrates
d) First carbohydrates, next fats and lastly proteins

7.  The principal action of enteropeptidase is only to activate - of the pancreatic juice
a) amino peptidase
b ) trypsinogen
c) trpsin
d) chymotrypsin

8. Enteropeptidase enzyme present in
a) saliva
b) gastric juice
c) intestinal juice
d) pancreatic juice

9. Due to the protein deficiency if symptoms like thin limbs, related growth of body and brain, oedema, diarrhoea etc., develop, then the disease is called

a) Pellagra
b) Kwashiorkor
c) Marasmus
d) Megaloblastic anaemia

10. Brunner’s gland are found in
a) stomach
b) ileum
c) duodenum
d) rumen

11. The enzyme trypsin is found in
a) pancreatic juice
b) saliva
c) bile juice
d) intestinal juice
a) 1223
    1223
b) 2132
    2132
c) 2123
    2123
d) 3212
    3212

13. Kuffer cells are found in
a) kidney
b ) liver
c) blood
d) heart

14. Stomach of camel does not have
a) rumen
b) reticulam
c) omasum
d) abomasum

15. The digestion of by amylase is completed in the
a) mouth
b) duodenum
c) ileum
d) stomach

Answers:
1. a) Zymogen cells of stomach
2. c) Proteins
3. b) amylase
4. a) Pancreatic juice
5. a) Simple tubular gland
6. d) First carbohydrates, next fats and lastly proteins
7. b ) trypsinogen
8. c) intestinal juice
9. b) Kwashiorkor
10. c) duodenum
11. a) pancreatic juice
12. c) 2123
          2123
13. b) liver
14. c) omasum
15. b) duodenum

Collection of Food and Dietary Supplement Intake Data: What We Eat in India

Nutritional Deficiencies

Patients who have had bariatric surgery may have nutritional deficiencies. These include:

What are vitamin deficiencies?

If you are not absorbing enough vitamins , you may be low on the following:

• Fat soluble vitamins, including D, K, A and E
• Water soluble ones, including C and B (1- thiamin, 12 and folate)

Vitamin Deficiencies
Vitamin A	Lose of vision, Visual and skin changes
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)	Thiamin (vitamin B1) is important for energy metabolism, particularly carbohydrate metabolism. It’s also key for muscle contractions and the conduction of nerve signals. Thiamin deficiency causes beriberi disease and can cause weakness, fatigue, psychosis and nerve damage.Whilst it’s not very common, alcoholics are most at risk of beriberi.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)	Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is also involved in energy metabolism. It keeps the skin, eyes and nervous system healthy.  Deficiency of riboflavin (ariboflavinosis) can cause several symptoms such as a sore throat, cheilosis (lesions on the lips), normocytic, normochromic anaemia, and angular stomatitis (lesions on the angles of the mouth). Without riboflavin, several other vitamins, such as folate, can’t be metabolised so riboflavin deficiency often occurs with other vitamin deficiencies
Vitamin B12	Anemia
Vitamin C (or ascorbic acid)	Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, feeling tired and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur. Vitamin A deficiency is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness in children, and increases the risk of disease and death In pregnant women, a deficiency can cause night blindness, and increase the risk of maternal mortality
Vitamin D	Bone abnormalities:it helps to regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body; Rickets A lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, which is characterised by weakness, aches and pains because the bones don’t have enough calcium
Vitamin E (antioxidant)	Neurological problems maintaining healthy skin and regulating and strengthening the immune response
Vitamin K	Blood clotting problems also works with vitamin D to regulate calcium in the body

What are mineral deficiencies?

If you are not absorbing enough minerals, you may be low on the following:

Choline	Choline may be a non-essential B vitamin, but it is important for cell membranes and for the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which has a role in memory and muscle control[33].  A lack of choline is unlikely, but it can cause muscle damage and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)[34]
Potassium	Potassium is a key electrolyte and so is important for controlling the balance of fluids in the body[35]. It also plays a critical role in nerve transmission and muscle contractions, particularly the heart[35].  Taking too much potassium from supplements can cause stomach pain and diarrhea. High potassium levels may also be the result of kidney disease[36].
Sodium & Chloride	Most chloride is gained from salt (sodium chloride), so deficiencies are rare. However, consuming too much salt is very common due to the abundance of salt in everyday food.  Sodium and chloride are electrolytes that help keep the level of fluids in the body balanced. Sodium also works with potassium in nerve transmissions[37], while chloride helps the body to digest food because it’s an essential component of the fluids in the stomach[38].  Consuming excessive amounts of salt is linked to an increase in blood pressure (hypertension), which raises your risk of having a stroke or heart attack[39].
Calcium	Calcium is the most abundant mineral in our body as it’s a major constituent of bones and teeth. Calcium is required for muscle contraction, and short-term deficiency may cause muscle cramps, stiffness and poor mobility[40].  It’s important to have a good intake in the bone-building years, which are as a baby and again from adolescence to about 30 years of age, especially for females[41].  Insufficient amounts can lead to brittle-bone disease (osteoporosis) when you’re older, where your bones break very easily due to the slow loss of bone mass[42].  Although calcium toxicity is rare, acute symptoms may include fatigue, muscle weakness, kidney stones and constipation, while long-term excessive calcium intake may increase the risk of developing several diseases[43].  Too much calcium can also limit iron absorption[44].
Phosphorus	Phosphorus is a mineral that helps to build and maintain strong bones and teeth in conjunction with calcium[45]. Phosphorus also helps release energy from food[46].  Acute high doses of phosphorus supplements can cause diarrhea and stomach pain[45].  Taking high doses for a long time in the absence of adequate calcium intake can increase bone fracture risk[47].
Magnesium	Magnesium is important for energy regulation, muscle and, nerve function[48].  Taking high doses of magnesium for a short time can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramping[49].
Iron	Iron is an essential mineral with several important roles in the body. Its most well-known role is as a key component of hemoglobin, which allows red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body[50].  Iron deficiency, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, is one of the most common micronutrient deficiencies globally[51].  It is a particular issue for menstruating women due to monthly blood loss[50].  Excessive iron intake in one sitting can cause constipation, nausea and vomiting, especially if food is not eaten at the same time[52].
Zinc	Zinc plays roles in the immune system, including wound healing, and growth and development[53].  Zinc deficiency affects an estimated two billion people[54].  In children, this can cause growth retardation and an impaired immune system resulting in an increased risk of infections[53].  Taking high doses of zinc over a long period reduces the amount of copper that the body can absorb. This can lead to anemia and the weakening of bones[55].
Copper	Copper plays a vital role in the immune system through antioxidant defense and its involvement in white blood cell production[56].  It’s also needed for iron metabolism and, therefore, the formation of hemoglobin[57].  Both copper deficiency and toxicity are relatively rare[58].  Taking high doses of copper can cause stomach pain, diarrhea and nausea[57].
Iodine	Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality, and mental retardation.

How will you test the presence of starch in food?

Take small quantity of the food items to be tested. Put 2-3 drops of iodine solution on it. Observe the colour of the food item. Blue-black colour indicates the presence of starch in the tested food item.

How will you test the presence of Protein in food?

Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of our body. Foods containing proteins are often called ‘Body Building Foods’. Test if a food item contains protein. 

1. Take a small quantity of the food items to be tested.
2. Grind/mash/paste/powder the food item.
3. Put the food item into a test tube.
4. Add 10 drops of water and shake the test tube.
5. Using a dropper add two drops of copper sulphate solution to the test tube.
6. Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution and shake the test tube.
7. Observe the colour of the mixture.
8. Violet colour indicates the presence of proteins in the tested food item. 

How will you test the presence of Fats in food?

Fat is a major source of energy and also aids your body in absorbing fat soluble vitamins. You need a minimum of 10 to 20 percent of your overall calories as fat .Test if a food item contains fat. 

1. Take a small quantity of the food item to be tested.
2. Wrap the food item in a piece of paper and crush it.
3. Straighten the paper.
4. Dry the paper by keeping it in sunlight for a while.
5. Observe the paper.
6. An oily patch on the paper indicates the presence of fats in the tested food item. 

BALANCED DIET

 The food we normally eat in a day is our diet. For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities. Not too much of one and not too little of the other. The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water. Such a diet is called a balanced diet.

DEFICIENCY DISEASES

A person may be getting enough food to eat, but sometimes the food may not contain a particular nutrient. If this continues over a long period of time, the person may suffer from its deficiency. Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body. Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases.

• If a person does not get enough proteins in his/her food for a long time, he/she is likely to have stunted growth, swelling of face, discolouration of hair, skin diseases and diarrhoea.
• If the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a long period of time, the growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move.

All deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a balanced diet.

Summary

• The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and water.
• Carbohydrates and fats mainly provide energy to our body.
• Proteins and minerals are needed for the growth and the maintenance of our body.
• Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases.
• Balanced diet provides all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities, along with adequate amount of roughage and water.
• Deficiency of one or more nutrients in our food for a long time may cause certain diseases or disorders.

MCQ on Components of food and Deficiency

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